A concern that the USGA and NCAA have had the past few years is how poorly the USA has done in international competitions; such as the Ryder Cup, President’s Cup, Curtiss Cup, etc., where different formats are used.  To address this issue the USGA in conjunction with the NCAA have developed a number of competitions that provide players an opportunity to become comfortable with alternate formats.   A point of emphasis for the USGA regarding these formats, especially match play, is to train officials and players in the rules that are specific to these formats..   At USGA and NCAA competitions that transition from medal to match play; players are required to participate in a “putting clock”.  A “putting clock” is a presentation by a rules official covering some of the significant differences between match and medal play, including:   Order of play including continuous putting Concessions Doubt as to procedure; disputes and claims   Referees at USGA match pay competitions are required to complete the USGA University course on officiating and temporary immovable obstructions (TIO’s), then take a 100 question test.  Subjects covered range from starting to how to approach a player and phrases to use.  Areas of emphasis include:   Getting ready Materials required Where you belong How to interact with players What to say Tips on improving your officiating skills.   As all of us have learned (sometimes the “hard” way) Stroke Play and Match Play really are two very different games.  Some thoughtful review of Rules 2 and 3 may turn out to be very profitable for all of us.  Next month, we’ll have a more thorough discussion of the duties of the various rules officials you’re likely to encounter at one of our events.